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Python Basics for System Administration

Kirish​

Python — tizim administratorlari va DevOps mutaxassislari uchun eng qulay va kuchli skriptlash tillaridan biri. Uning sintaksisi sodda, kutubxonalari ko‘p va ko‘plab operatsiyalarni avtomatlashtirish uchun mos.

Asosiy amaliyotlar​

1. Fayllar va kataloglar bilan ishlash​

import os

# Katalogdagi fayllarni ko‘rsatish
for filename in os.listdir('/var/log'):
    print(filename)

# Faylni o‘chirish
os.remove('/tmp/test.txt')

2. Buyruqlarni bajarish​

import subprocess

# Buyruq natijasini olish
output = subprocess.check_output(['ls', '-l', '/etc'])
print(output.decode())

3. Fayldan ma’lumot o‘qish va yozish​

# Faylga yozish
with open('output.txt', 'w') as f:
    f.write('Salom, dunyo!')

# Fayldan o‘qish
with open('output.txt') as f:
    print(f.read())

4. Tarmoq so‘rovlari yuborish​

import requests

response = requests.get('https://api.github.com')
print(response.status_code)
print(response.json())

5. JSON va CSV bilan ishlash​

import json
import csv

# JSON faylni o‘qish
with open('data.json') as f:
    data = json.load(f)
    print(data)

# CSV faylni o‘qish
with open('users.csv') as f:
    reader = csv.reader(f)
    for row in reader:
        print(row)

6. Avtomatlashtirilgan monitoring va alerting​

import psutil

cpu = psutil.cpu_percent()
if cpu > 80:
    print("CPU yuklanishi yuqori!")

Foydali kutubxonalar​

  • os — tizim operatsiyalari uchun
  • subprocess — buyruqlarni bajarish
  • shutil — fayllarni ko‘chirish va nusxalash
  • psutil — tizim resurslarini monitoring qilish
  • requests — HTTP so‘rovlari
  • json/csv — ma’lumotlarni tahlil qilish

Xulosa​

Python yordamida tizim administratori fayllar, kataloglar, buyruqlar, tarmoq va monitoring operatsiyalarini tez va samarali avtomatlashtirishi mumkin. Oddiy sintaksis va kuchli kutubxonalar tufayli Python DevOps va IT infratuzilmasi uchun