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Configuration File Parsing

Kirish​

Tizim va dastur konfiguratsiyasini avtomatlashtirishda JSON va YAML formatlari eng ko‘p ishlatiladi. Python’da bu fayllarni o‘qish, tahrirlash va yozish uchun maxsus kutubxonalar mavjud: json va PyYAML.

JSON faylini o‘qish va yozish​

1. JSON faylini o‘qish​

import json

with open('config.json') as f:
    config = json.load(f)
    print(config)
    print("Host:", config.get('host'))
    print("Port:", config.get('port'))

2. JSON fayliga yozish​

import json

data = {'host': 'localhost', 'port': 8080, 'debug': True}
with open('config.json', 'w') as f:
    json.dump(data, f, indent=4)

3. JSON faylini tahrirlash​

import json

with open('config.json') as f:
    config = json.load(f)

config['debug'] = False

with open('config.json', 'w') as f:
    json.dump(config, f, indent=4)

YAML faylini o‘qish va yozish​

1. PyYAML kutubxonasini o‘rnatish​

pip install pyyaml

2. YAML faylini o‘qish​

import yaml

with open('config.yaml') as f:
    config = yaml.safe_load(f)
    print(config)
    print("Host:", config.get('host'))
    print("Port:", config.get('port'))

3. YAML fayliga yozish​

import yaml

data = {'host': 'localhost', 'port': 8080, 'debug': True}
with open('config.yaml', 'w') as f:
    yaml.dump(data, f)

4. YAML faylini tahrirlash​

import yaml

with open('config.yaml') as f:
    config = yaml.safe_load(f)

config['debug'] = False

with open('config.yaml', 'w') as f:
    yaml.dump(config, f)

Amaliy misollar​

1. Konfiguratsiyadan parametrlarni o‘qib, ulardan foydalanish​

import json

with open('config.json') as f:
    config = json.load(f)

if config.get('debug'):
    print("Debug rejimi yoqilgan!")
else:
    print("Debug rejimi o‘chirilgan!")

2. YAML fayldan ro‘yxat va lug‘atlarni o‘qish​

import yaml

with open('services.yaml') as f:
    services = yaml.safe_load(f)

for service in services['apps']:
    print(service['name'], service['port'])

services.yaml misoli:

apps:
  - name: web
    port: 80
  - name: db
    port: 5432

Xulosa​

Python’da JSON va YAML konfiguratsiya fayllarini o‘qish, tahrirlash va yozish juda oson. Bu texnikalar yordamida tizim va dastur sozlamalarini avtomatlashtirish, monitoring va