Text Editors Tutorial

Linux tizimida matn tahrirlovchilar DevOps muhandislari uchun eng muhim vositalardan biridir. Har bir editor o'zining afzalliklari va kamchiliklariga ega.

nano - Boshlang'ich Foydalanuvchilar Uchun

nano ga Kirish

nano - bu oddiy va oson foydalaniladigan terminal-based matn tahrirlovchi. Yangi boshlaganlar uchun eng yaxshi tanlov.

nano ni Ishga Tushirish

# Yangi fayl yaratish
nano filename.txt

# Mavjud faylni ochish
nano /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

# Readonly mode da ochish
nano -v filename.txt

# Line numbers bilan ochish
nano -l filename.txt

# Auto-indent bilan
nano -i filename.txt

# Tab size o'rnatish
nano -T 4 filename.txt

nano da Asosiy Harakat Tugmalari

nano'da barcha buyruqlar ekranning pastki qismida ko'rsatiladi:

Ctrl + G    Help menu ni ochish
Ctrl + X    Chiqish (saqlash so'rashi bilan)
Ctrl + O    Saqlash (Write Out)
Ctrl + R    Boshqa faylni o'qish/qo'shish
Ctrl + W    Qidirish
Ctrl + \    Qidirish va almashtirish
Ctrl + K    Qatorni kesish
Ctrl + U    Kesgan qatorni qo'yish
Ctrl + J    Justify (matnni tekislash)
Ctrl + T    Spell checker
Ctrl + C    Cursor pozitsiyasini ko'rsatish
Ctrl + _    Ma'lum qatorga o'tish

nano da Navigation

Ctrl + A    Qator boshiga
Ctrl + E    Qator oxiriga
Ctrl + Y    Sahifa yuqoriga
Ctrl + V    Sahifa pastga
Ctrl + F    Bir belgi o'ngga
Ctrl + B    Bir belgi chapga
Ctrl + P    Yuqori qatorga
Ctrl + N    Pastki qatorga
Alt + A     Mark text boshlanishi
Alt + 6     Copy marked text
Ctrl + K    Cut marked text yoki joriy qator
Ctrl + U    Paste

DevOps uchun nano Amaliy Misollar

# SSH konfiguratsiyasini tahrirlash
nano ~/.ssh/config

# Nginx virtual host yaratish
sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/mysite

# Environment variables tahrirlash
nano ~/.bashrc

# Docker compose fayl yaratish
nano docker-compose.yml

# Kubernetes deployment yaratish
nano deployment.yaml

# Crontab tahrirlash
crontab -e    # nano ni default editor sifatida tanlasa

nano Konfiguratsiyasi

~/.nanorc faylida nano ni konfiguratsiya qilish mumkin:

# ~/.nanorc
set linenumbers          # Line numbers ko'rsatish
set mouse               # Mouse support
set smooth              # Smooth scrolling
set tabsize 4           # Tab size
set autoindent          # Auto indentation
set cut                 # Cut empty lines
include /usr/share/nano/*.nanorc  # Syntax highlighting

vim - Kuchli va Samarali Editor

vim ga Kirish

vim (Vi IMproved) - bu juda kuchli va professional matn tahrirlovchi. O'rganish qiyin, lekin o'rgangandan keyin juda samarali.

vim Modes (Rejimlar)

vim da 3 ta asosiy rejim mavjud:

1. Normal Mode (Default) - Navigation va buyruqlar
2. Insert Mode - Matn yozish
3. Command Mode - Buyruqlar berish

vim ni Ishga Tushirish

# Yangi fayl yaratish
vim filename.txt

# Mavjud faylni ochish
vim /etc/hosts

# Read-only mode
vim -R filename.txt

# Multiple files
vim file1.txt file2.txt

# Specific line ga ochish
vim +25 filename.txt

# Pattern bilan ochish
vim +/pattern filename.txt

# Binary mode
vim -b filename

vim da Rejimlar Orasida O'tish

Normal Mode dan Insert Mode ga:
i          Insert - cursor oldidan
a          Append - cursor keyinidan
o          New line - pastga yangi qator
O          New line - yuqoriga yangi qator
I          Insert - qator boshidan
A          Append - qator oxiridan

Insert Mode dan Normal Mode ga:
Esc        Escape tugmasi

Normal Mode dan Command Mode ga:
:          Colon tugmasi

vim Normal Mode Commands

Navigation

h          Chapga
j          Pastga
k          Yuqoriga  
l          O'ngga

w          Keyingi so'z boshiga
b          Oldingi so'z boshiga
e          So'z oxiriga

0          Qator boshiga
$          Qator oxiriga
^          Qatordagi birinchi belgiga

gg         Fayl boshiga
G          Fayl oxiriga
5G         5-qatorga o'tish

Ctrl+f     Sahifa pastga
Ctrl+b     Sahifa yuqoriga
Ctrl+d     Yarim sahifa pastga
Ctrl+u     Yarim sahifa yuqoriga

Editing Commands

x          Belgi o'chirish
dd         Qatorni o'chirish
dw         So'zni o'chirish
d$         Qator oxirigacha o'chirish
d0         Qator boshigacha o'chirish

yy         Qatorni copy qilish
yw         So'zni copy qilish
y$         Qator oxirigacha copy

p          Paste (keyindan)
P          Paste (oldindan)

u          Undo
Ctrl+r     Redo

.          Oxirgi commandni takrorlash

Search and Replace

/pattern   Qidirish (oldinga)
?pattern   Qidirish (orqaga)
n          Keyingi match
N          Oldingi match

:%s/old/new/g        Barchasini almashtirish
:%s/old/new/gc       Tasdiqlash bilan almashtirish
:5,10s/old/new/g     5-10 qatorlarda almashtirish

vim Command Mode

File Operations

:w         Saqlash
:w filename  Boshqa nom bilan saqlash
:wq        Saqlash va chiqish
:q         Chiqish
:q!        Majburan chiqish (saqlamasdan)
:x         Saqlash va chiqish (ZZ bilan bir xil)

:e filename    Boshqa faylni ochish
:e!            Faylni qayta yuklash
:r filename    Boshqa faylni qo'shish

Line Operations

:25        25-qatorga o'tish
:$         Oxirgi qatorga
:1         Birinchi qatorga
:.,$d      Joriy qatordan oxirigacha o'chirish
:5,10d     5-10 qatorlarni o'chirish
:5,10y     5-10 qatorlarni copy qilish

Settings

:set number      Line numbers ko'rsatish
:set nonumber    Line numbers yashirish
:set hlsearch    Search highlight
:set nohlsearch  Search highlight o'chirish
:set tabstop=4   Tab size
:set expandtab   Tab ni space ga aylantrish
:syntax on       Syntax highlighting yoqish

DevOps uchun vim Amaliy Misollar

1. Configuration File Editing

# Apache virtual host tahrirlash
sudo vim /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf

# vim da:
# - /DocumentRoot/ bilan qidirish
# - i bilan insert mode
# - path o'zgartirish
# - Esc, :wq bilan saqlash va chiqish

2. Log File Analysis

# Log faylni ochish
vim /var/log/nginx/error.log

# vim da:
# - G bilan oxiriga o'tish
# - ?ERROR bilan error qidirish
# - n bilan keyingi error topish

3. Multi-file Editing

# Multiple files ochish
vim nginx.conf ssl.conf

# vim da:
:n          # Keyingi fayl
:prev       # Oldingi fayl
:files      # Ochiq fayllar ro'yxati
:e file3    # Uchinchi fayl qo'shish

4. Advanced Editing Techniques

# vim da macro recording
qa          # 'a' registriga macro yozishni boshlash
# ... buyruqlar ...
q           # Macro yozishni tugatish
@a          # 'a' macrosini ishga tushirish
@@          # Oxirgi macrosini takrorlash

# Visual mode
v           # Character visual mode
V           # Line visual mode
Ctrl+v      # Block visual mode

# Block operations
Ctrl+v      # Block select
I           # Insert at beginning of each line
A           # Append at end of each line

vim Konfiguratsiyasi (.vimrc)

~/.vimrc faylida vim ni konfiguratsiya qilish:

# ~/.vimrc
set number              " Line numbers
set tabstop=4           " Tab size
set shiftwidth=4        " Indent size
set expandtab           " Use spaces instead of tabs
set autoindent          " Auto indentation
set hlsearch            " Highlight search
set incsearch           " Incremental search
set ignorecase          " Case insensitive search
set smartcase           " Smart case search
syntax on               " Syntax highlighting
set mouse=a             " Mouse support

" Color scheme
colorscheme desert

" Key mappings
map <F2> :w<CR>         " F2 for save
map <F3> :q<CR>         " F3 for quit

" DevOps specific settings
autocmd FileType yaml setlocal ts=2 sts=2 sw=2 expandtab
autocmd FileType json setlocal ts=2 sts=2 sw=2 expandtab

emacs - GNU Emacs Editor

emacs ga Kirish

emacs - bu kuchli va kengaytirilishi mumkin bo'lgan matn tahrirlovchi. "An extensible, customizable, free/libre text editor — and more."

emacs ni Ishga Tushirish

# Terminal mode da
emacs filename.txt

# GUI mode da
emacs &

# Terminal mode da majburlash
emacs -nw filename.txt

# No init file
emacs -q filename.txt

emacs Key Bindings (Tugma Birikmalari)

emacs da C- Control tugmasini, M- Meta (Alt) tugmasini bildiradi.

File Operations

C-x C-f    Find file (ochish)
C-x C-s    Save file
C-x C-w    Save as
C-x C-c    Exit emacs
C-x C-v    Find alternative file

Navigation

C-f        Forward character
C-b        Backward character
C-p        Previous line
C-n        Next line
C-a        Beginning of line
C-e        End of line
M-f        Forward word
M-b        Backward word
M-<        Beginning of buffer
M->        End of buffer
C-v        Page down
M-v        Page up

Editing

C-d        Delete character
M-d        Delete word
C-k        Kill line
M-k        Kill sentence
C-w        Cut region
M-w        Copy region
C-y        Paste (yank)
C-/        Undo
C-x u      Undo

Search and Replace

C-s        Forward search
C-r        Reverse search
M-%        Query replace
M-x replace-string    Replace all

Windows and Buffers

C-x 2      Split window horizontally
C-x 3      Split window vertically
C-x 1      Close other windows
C-x 0      Close current window
C-x o      Switch to other window
C-x b      Switch buffer
C-x k      Kill buffer
C-x C-b    List buffers

DevOps uchun emacs Amaliy Misollar

1. Configuration Management

# emacs da YAML file tahrirlash
emacs kubernetes-deployment.yaml

# emacs da:
# M-x yaml-mode    (agar installed bo'lsa)
# Syntax highlighting va indentation

2. Multiple Files

# emacs da:
C-x C-f    # New file ochish
C-x b      # Buffer switch
C-x 2      # Window split
C-x o      # Window switch

3. emacs Packages

;; ~/.emacs yoki ~/.emacs.d/init.el
(require 'package)
(add-to-list 'package-archives '("melpa" . "https://melpa.org/packages/"))
(package-initialize)

;; DevOps uchun foydali packages
;; - yaml-mode
;; - dockerfile-mode
;; - terraform-mode
;; - ansible-mode
;; - kubernetes-mode

Editor Tanlash Bo'yicha Tavsiyalar

nano - Qachon Foydalanish

• Yangi boshlaganlar uchun
• Tez kichik o'zgarishlar uchun
• Remote server'larda qisqa tahrirlash
• Script'larda automatic editing uchun

# Script'da nano ishlatish
echo "new_setting=value" | sudo tee -a /etc/config.conf
# yoki
sudo nano /etc/config.conf

vim - Qachon Foydalanish

• Katta fayllar bilan ishlash
• Professional development
• Remote server'larda intensive work
• Performance muhim bo'lganda

# vim shortcuts for DevOps
# Configuration file quick edit
vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf +25  # 25-qatordan boshlash

# Multiple files
vim *.yaml  # Barcha yaml fayllar

# Read-only viewing
view /var/log/syslog  # vim readonly mode

emacs - Qachon Foydalanish

• IDE kabi imkoniyatlar kerak bo'lganda
• Programming development
• Extensive customization uchun
• Long editing sessions

Amaliy DevOps Stsenarilar

1. Emergency Configuration Fix

# Server'da muammo, tezda nginx config tuzatish kerak
sudo nano /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# yoki vim bilan
sudo vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

2. Log File Investigation

# Katta log faylni tahlil qilish
vim /var/log/syslog
# vim da:
# - /ERROR bilan error qidirish
# - n bilan keyingi error
# - G bilan oxiriga

3. Script Writing

# Deployment script yozish
vim deploy.sh
# vim da:
# - :set number
# - Syntax highlighting
# - Easy navigation

4. Configuration Templates

# Docker compose template
nano docker-compose.yml
# Template structure:
version: '3.8'
services:
  app:
    build: .
    ports:
      - "8080:8080"

5. Kubernetes Manifest Editing

# vim bilan YAML editing
vim deployment.yaml
# vim da YAML uchun settings:
# :set tabstop=2
# :set expandtab
# :set autoindent

Editor Productivity Tips

1. Environment Variables

# Default editor o'rnatish
export EDITOR=vim
export VISUAL=vim

# Git uchun editor
git config --global core.editor vim

2. Aliases

# .bashrc da
alias v='vim'
alias n='nano'
alias e='emacs -nw'

3. Quick Edit Functions

# .bashrc da
function vconf() {
    vim ~/.bashrc
}

function reload() {
    source ~/.bashrc
}

Bu tutorial text editor'lar bo'yicha DevOps engineers uchun zarur bo'lgan barcha asosiy ma'lumotlarni qamrab oladi. Har bir editor o'z joyida foydali va maqsadga muvofiq tanlov qilish muhimdir.